Design principles of different railway fastening systems

Design principle:
The elastic deformation of the shrapnel is used to produce the buckle pressure, and the rail is tightly fastened to the rail pillow.
The shrapnel usually has a specific shape and size to ensure that sufficient buckle pressure can be generated while bearing the load of the train, while maintaining the appropriate elastic deformation range.
Features:
Simple structure and convenient installation.
Suitable for light or medium load railway lines.

Design principle:
The fastener plate is used as the fastener, and the fastener plate is connected to the sleeper by bolts and nuts, so as to fasten the rail.
The design of the gusset plate usually takes into account the cross section shape and size of the rail to ensure an even distribution of buckle pressure.
Features:
High buckle pressure, stable buckle.
Suitable for heavy-duty railway lines or situations requiring higher buckle pressure.

Design principle:
Using the bending and twisting deformation of the elastic bar to produce the buckle pressure, the rail is tightly fastened to the rail pillow.
The design of the elastic strip takes into account factors such as the elastic modulus of the material, the shape and size of the section to ensure that adequate buckle pressure and elastic deformation range can be maintained while bearing the load of the train.
Features:
The buckle pressure is moderate, with good elasticity and shock absorption performance.
It is widely used in various railway lines, especially high-speed railway and urban rail transit.

Design principle:
The rail is secured to the rail pillow using spikes, usually by tapping or rotating the spike to achieve tightening.
Spike fastening systems usually include components such as spikes, pads and sleepers.
Features:
Simple structure, low cost.
Suitable for wooden tie track or need lower cost occasions.